Study Details

Study Title: Safety countermeasures and crash reduction in New York City - Experience and lessons learned

Authors: Chen et al.

Publication Date:JAN, 2013

Abstract: Traffic fatalities and injuries constitute a major global public health problem and the United States has fallen behind other developed countries in traffic safety. Yet, New York City stands out as a traffic safety model in the nation with its low fatality rate and its significant reductions in various types of crashes. This study develops a safety framework that considers three principal axes that affect crashes: why, who, and where. While "why" concerns exposure, conflict, and speed, "who" and "where" consider the unique characteristics of the road users and the surrounding built environment. Grounded in this safety framework, the effectiveness of 13 safety countermeasures and street designs installed in New York City between 1990 and 2008 are evaluated using a two group pretest-posttest design. The potential regression-to-the-mean problem is addressed by applying the ANCOVA regression approach. The results show that signal related countermeasures that are designed to reduce conflicts: split phase timing, signal installations, all pedestrian phase, and increasing pedestrian crossing time, reduce crashes. Traffic calming measures, including road diets, are also found to have significant safety benefits. Countermeasures that are designed to alert drivers' cognitive attention, such as high visibility crosswalks and posted speed limit reduction signs, appear to have a lesser effect. The various safety countermeasures implemented in New York City considered all three important dimensions in the safety framework: why, who, and where. The study suggests these strategies are likely to contribute to the large reductions in crashes in New York City. We also demonstrate that a rigorous quasi-experimental design can be readily deployed in transportation safety evaluation studies.

Study Citation: Chen, L., Chen, C., Ewing, R., McKnight, C.E., Srinivasan, R., and Roe, M. "Safety countermeasures and crash reduction in New York City - Experience and lessons learned." Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 50, Elsevier, (2013) pp. 312-322.


CMFs Associated With This Study

Category: Intersection traffic control

Countermeasure: Add exclusive pedestrian phasing

CMF CRF(%)QualityCrash TypeCrash SeverityRoadway TypeArea Type
0.9552 StarsAllAllNot specifiedUrban
0.9732 StarsMultiple vehicleAllNot specifiedUrban
0.65353 StarsVehicle/pedestrianAllNot specifiedUrban
0.9552 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedUrban

Countermeasure: Increase length of signal phases to allow pedestrians more crossing time

CMF CRF(%)QualityCrash TypeCrash SeverityRoadway TypeArea Type
0.9822 StarsAllAllNot specifiedUrban
1.05-52 StarsMultiple vehicleAllNot specifiedUrban
0.49513 StarsVehicle/pedestrianAllNot specifiedUrban
0.89112 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedUrban

Countermeasure: Provide split phases

CMF CRF(%)QualityCrash TypeCrash SeverityRoadway TypeArea Type
0.83172 StarsAllAllNot specifiedUrban
0.85152 StarsMultiple vehicleAllNot specifiedUrban
0.74262 StarsVehicle/pedestrianAllNot specifiedUrban
0.82182 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedUrban

Category:Pedestrians

Countermeasure: Install pedestrian fencing

CMF CRF(%)QualityCrash TypeCrash SeverityRoadway TypeArea Type
0.71292 StarsAllAllNot specifiedUrban
0.76242 StarsMultiple vehicleAllNot specifiedUrban
1.18-182 StarsVehicle/pedestrianAllNot specifiedUrban
0.52483 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedUrban
0.88123 StarsAllAllNot specifiedUrban
0.85153 StarsMultiple vehicleAllNot specifiedUrban
0.87132 StarsVehicle/pedestrianAllNot specifiedUrban
0.86143 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedUrban